Overview: What is a Termite?

A termite is a small, soft-bodied insect that feeds on wood and other cellulose-containing material. Scientists have identified about 2,800 species around the world, including about 45 in the United States.¹

The most prevalent American species is the subterranean termite, aptly named because it builds its nests underground. Subterranean termites need constant access to water, because their thin skin shrivels in dry air, killing them. Above ground, they build mud tunnels or "shelter tubes" that provide consistent humidity and protect them from wind.²

As many as five million insects³ may live inside a subterranean colony, which typically lies between five and 20 feet below the ground. And while worker termites are usually tiny – just about 1/8-inch long – the colony itself can expand over two typical-sized home lots.

In their relentless pursuit of food, these opportunistic insects will climb roots, follow abandoned earthworm tunnels and squeeze through foundation cracks and crevices.⁴ They may travel hundreds of feet to forage, meaning a major colony can put a whole neighborhood at risk.